Accessible name

Every interactive element exposed to assistive technology carries one computed text label: its accessible name. The Accessible Name and Description Computation specification defines the precedence — roughly aria-labelledby, then aria-label, then native sources like label elements, alt attributes, or text content.

Most 'unlabeled button' defects are accessible-name failures: the icon is visible, but the computation yields an empty string. Because the algorithm is deterministic, these defects are mechanically testable — and mechanically preventable.